Entomology 10

Silverfish-an apterygote (primitively wingless) insect

Classification: Ancestry, Apterygota, Origin of Wings

I. Classification of Insects

1. Taxonomy: Science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms
2. Systematics: Study of phylogenetic relationships of organisms
3. Phylogeny: Study of history of lines of evolution ("Family tree")
4. Classification:

   	Phylum
   		Class
   			Order
   				Family
   					Genus
   						species

5. Linnaeus and binomial nomenclature
   • 10th Edition, Systema Naturae, 1758
6. International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature
7. Latin vs. Common Names
8. What is a species?
   • Biological species concept :
     Groups of actually (or potentially) interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
9. Lack of agreement among taxonomists

II. Origin of Insects

1. Annelid ancestor
2. Living Fossil-Phylum (or Class) Onychophora
   (genus Peripatus)
3. Monophyletic vs. Polyphyletic

III. Apterygota vs. Pterygota

1. Entognatha
2. Thysanura
3. Archeognatha

IV. Origin of Wings

1. Paranotal lobes-"Flying squirrel" model
2. Tracheal gills
3. Spiracular flaps-"Flying fish" model
4. Other theories:
   Thermoregulation: Mating signals
5. Types of wings
   1. Fixed wings (Paleoptera)
   2. Flexed wings (Neoptera)
   3. Loss of wings (Aptery)

V. Paleoptera vs. Neoptera

Readings in Gullan, P.J. and Cranston, P. S. (1994). The Insects: An Outline of Entomology:

• Read: pp. 10-11 & 19, (1.5); pp. 182-184 (7-7.1.2); pp. 189-194 (7.4-7.5.3)
  
• Scan: pp. 212-215 (Box 8.2 & 8.3)

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