4. Host Factors

1. Susceptibility or Resistance to Infection
2. Physiology
3. Behavior
4. Biology & Ecology

5. Environmental Factors

1. Abiotic
2. Biotic
   • Parasitoids and Predators
   • Tritrophic Interactions
   • Alternate Hosts
   • Intraguild Predation

6. Influence of Humans

1. Manipulate Pathogen
2. Manipulate Host
3. Manipulate Environment

7. Theory (Modeling)

Reference

• Fuxa, J. R., and Y. Tanada.1987. Epizootiology of Insect Diseases. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 555 pp. (chaps.1 and 2).
• Tanada, Y. and H. K. Kaya.1993. Insect Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego. Chapter 16; pages 595-622.

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