PHYLUM NEMATA - CHARACTERISTICS

Phylum Nemata - a simplified classification emphasizing the phylogeny of parasites

CLASS: ADENOPHOREA
  SUBCLASS: ENOPLIA
    ORDER: DORYLAIMIDA
      SUBORDER: DORYLAIMINA
        SUPERFAMILY: DORYLAIMOIDEA
          FAMILY: LONGIDORIDAE 
          Plant Parasites
          Scientific name - Longidorus  africanus
          Common name - needle nematode
          Scientific name - Xiphinema index 
          Common name - Dagger nematode
          Disease - transmits grapevine fanleaf virus
    ORDER: STICHOSOMIDA
        SUPERFAMILY: TRICHOCEPHALOIDEA
          FAMILY: TRICHURIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name -Trichuris trichiura
        SUPERFAMILY: TRICHOCEPHALOIDEA
          FAMILY: TRICHINELLIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name -Trichinella spiralis
          Disease - trichinosis
        SUPERFAMILY: MERMITHOIDEA
          FAMILY: MERMITHIDAE
          Invertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Romanomermis culicivorax
CLASS: SECERNENTEA
  SUBCLASS: RHABDITIA
    ORDER: RHABDITIDA 
      SUBORDER: RHABDITINA
        SUPERFAMILY: RHABDITOIDEA
          FAMILY: RHABDITIDAE
          Free-Living
          Scientific name - Caenorhabditis elegans
          Common name -"C. elegans",  the worm
          Invertebrate Parasites
          Scientific name -Steinernema
          Scientific name - Heterorhabditis          
         FAMILY: STRONGYLOIDIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Strongyloides stercoralis      
          Common name - threadworm
        SUPERFAMILY: OXYUROIDEA
          FAMILY: OXYURIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Enterobius vermicularis          
          Common name - pinworm
        SUPERFAMILY: HETERAKOIDEA
          FAMILY: HETERAKIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name -Heterakis gallinarum         
          Disease - histomoniasis
    ORDER: STRONGYLIDA 
        SUPERFAMILY: ANCYLOSTOMATOIDEA
          FAMILY: ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE 
          Vertebrate Parasites
          Scientific name - Ancylostoma duodenale         
          Common name - Old World hookworm of humans
          Scientific name - Ancylostoma caninum                
          Common name - dog and cat hookworm
          Scientific name - Ancylostoma braziliense             
          Common name - dog and cat hookworm
          FAMILY: UNCINARIIDAE 
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Necator americanus          
          Common name - New World hookworm of humans, the American killer
        SUPERFAMILY: TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA
          FAMILY: TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Haemonchus contortus          
          Common name - barber pole worm
  SUBCLASS: SPIRURIA
    ORDER: ASCARIDIDA 
        SUPERFAMILY: ASCARIDOIDEA
          FAMILY: ASCARIDIDAE    
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name -Ascaris lumbricoides 
          Common name - human intestinal roundworm
          FAMILY: TOXOCARIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasites
          Scientific name - Toxocara canis (dogs and cats) 
          Scientific name - Toxascaris leonina  (dogs and cats) 
          Scientific name - Toxocara cati  (cats)          
    ORDER: SPIRURIDA
        SUPERFAMILY: DRACUNCULOIDEA
          FAMILY: DRACUNCULIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name -Dracunculus medinensis       
          Common name - Guinea worm, medina worm, serpent worm
        SUPERFAMILY: FILARIOIDEA
          FAMILY: FILARIIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Wuchereria bancrofti           
          Disease - filariasis, elephantiasis
          FAMILY: ONCHOCERCIDAE
          Vertebrate Parasites
          Scientific name - Onchocerca volvulus           
          Disease - onchocerciasis, river blindness
          Scientific name -Loa loa                                     
          Common name - eye worm     
          Disease -  loaisis, loiasis, loaiasis
          Scientific name - Dirofilaria immtis                         
          Common name - dog heartworm
SUBCLASS: DIPLOGASTERIA
    ORDER: TYLENCHIDA
      SUBORDER: TYLENCHINA
        SUPERFAMILY: TYLENCHOIDEA
          FAMILY: HETERODERIDAE
          Plant Parasites
        SUBFAMILY: HETERODERINAE
          Scientific name - Heterodera schachtii         
          Common name -  sugar beet cyst nematode
        SUBFAMILY: MELOIDOGYNINAE 
          Scientific name - Meloidogyne incognita        
          Common name - cotton root-knot nematode
      SUBORDER: APHELENCHINA
          SUBFAMILY: RHADINAPHELENCHINAE
          Plant Parasite and Insect Associate
          Scientific name -Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus 
          Common name - red ring nematode    
          Disease - red ring disease
      SUBORDER:  SPHAERULARIINA
          Invertebrate Parasite
          Scientific name - Sphaerularia bombi

CLASS: ADENOPHOREA (no phasmids)
    ORDER: DORYLAIMIDA
    ORDER: STICHOSOMIDA        
CLASS: SECERNENTEA (phasmids = caudal sensory organ)
    ORDER: RHABDITIDA 
    ORDER: STRONGYLIDA
    ORDER: ASCARIDIDA           
    ORDER: SPIRURIDA
    ORDER: TYLENCHIDA
   

CLASS: ADENOPHOREA (no phasmids)
    ORDER: DORYLAIMIDA (dorylaimoid esophagus, odontostylet, plant parasites, virus transmitters)
ODONTOSTYLET
DORYLAIMOID ESOPHAGUS 
    ORDER: STICHOSOMIDA (stichosome esophagus, vertebrate & invertebrate parasites)            
STICHOSOME ESOPHAGUS        
CLASS: SECERNENTEA (phasmids = caudal sensory organ)
    ORDER: RHABDITIDA  (rhabditoid esophagus, bacterial feeders, invertebrate and vertebrate parasites)
RHABDITOID ESOPHAGUS 
    ORDER: STRONGYLIDA (characteristic stoma and bursa [juveniles may have rhabditoid esophagus
but not  adults], vertebrate parasites [hookworms, trichostrongylids])
STOMA AND BURSA
    ORDER: ASCARIDIDA (characteristic lips and eggs, vertebrate parasites) 
CHARACTERISTIC LIPS AND EGGS            
    ORDER: SPIRURIDA (arthropods are intermediate hosts = vectors, microfilaria,
vertebrates as definitive hosts) 
CHARACTERISTIC MICROFILARIA
    ORDER: TYLENCHIDA (tylenchoid esophagus, stomatostylet, fungal feeders, plant and insect parasites)
STOMATOSTYLET
TYLENCHOID ESOPHAGUS